14.10 Insight 789 Destexhe
نویسندگان
چکیده
allowing animals to adapt to changing internal and external environments. During development, learning and in ongoing behaviour, individual neurons, synapses and the circuits they form show short-term and long-term changes as a result of experience. Plasticity occurs at all levels, from the behaviour of single ion channels to the morphology of neurons and large circuits and over timescales ranging from milliseconds to years. Because plasticity in the brain occurs at so many levels of organization and over so many timescales, theoretical and computational methods are required to understand how adaptive change to brain function and behaviour is brought about. Many studies of plasticity in the brain have focused on memory storage and retrieval. However, plasticity and neuromodulation also have crucial roles in altering excitability in the brain and regulating behavioural states, such as the transitions between sleep and wakeful activity. Theoretical work is also needed to understand the computational consequences of these various plasticity and modulation mechanisms. Here, we illustrate the use of combined theoretical and experimental approaches for understanding neuronal and circuit dynamics, using examples from both small invertebrate and large vertebrate circuits.
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